Introduction

PostgreSQL and DuckDB serve complementary roles in modern data architectures - PostgreSQL as a robust operational database and DuckDB as a powerful analytical engine. Moving data between these systems efficiently is crucial for analytics and reporting workflows. Sling simplifies this process by providing a seamless, efficient way to replicate data from PostgreSQL to DuckDB.

As an open-source data movement tool, Sling offers:

• Simple installation and configuration
• Multiple replication modes
• Efficient handling of large datasets
• Built-in data type mapping
• Automated schema management
• Real-time monitoring

Understanding Traditional Data Pipeline Challenges

Building a data pipeline between PostgreSQL and DuckDB traditionally requires significant effort and resources:

Development Complexity

• Custom scripts for data extraction and loading
• Manual data type conversion handling
• Complex error handling and retry logic
• Scheduling and orchestration setup

Resource Overhead

• Development and maintenance time
• Infrastructure for data processing
• Ongoing monitoring and troubleshooting

These challenges often make a seemingly simple data movement task into a complex engineering project. Sling addresses these pain points with its modern, streamlined approach.

Getting Started with Sling

Before we dive into replicating data from PostgreSQL to DuckDB, let’s set up Sling on your system. Sling offers multiple installation methods to suit different operating systems and preferences.

Installation

Choose the installation method that matches your operating system:

# Install using Homebrew (macOS)
brew install slingdata-io/sling/sling

# Install using curl (Linux)
curl -LO 'https://github.com/slingdata-io/sling-cli/releases/latest/download/sling_linux_amd64.tar.gz' \
  && tar xf sling_linux_amd64.tar.gz \
  && rm -f sling_linux_amd64.tar.gz \
  && chmod +x sling

# Install using Scoop (Windows)
scoop bucket add sling https://github.com/slingdata-io/scoop-sling.git
scoop install sling

# Install using Python pip
pip install sling

After installation, verify that Sling is properly installed by checking its version:

# Check Sling version
sling --version

Initial Setup

Sling uses a configuration directory to store connection details and other settings. The configuration directory is typically located at:

• Linux/macOS: ~/.sling/
• Windows: C:\Users\<username>\.sling\

The first time you run Sling, it will automatically create this directory and a default configuration file. You can also specify a custom location using the SLING_HOME_DIR environment variable.

For more detailed installation instructions and configuration options, visit the Sling CLI Getting Started Guide.

Setting Up Database Connections

Before we can replicate data, we need to configure our source (PostgreSQL) and target (DuckDB) connections. Sling provides multiple ways to set up and manage connections securely.

PostgreSQL Connection Setup

You can set up a PostgreSQL connection using any of these methods:

Using Environment Variables

The simplest way is to use environment variables:

# Set PostgreSQL connection using environment variable
export POSTGRES_DB='postgresql://myuser:[email protected]:5432/mydatabase?sslmode=require'

Using the Sling CLI

Alternatively, use the sling conns set command:

# Set up PostgreSQL connection with individual parameters
sling conns set POSTGRES_DB type=postgres host=host.ip user=myuser database=mydatabase password=mypass port=5432

# Or use a connection URL
sling conns set POSTGRES_DB url="postgresql://myuser:[email protected]:5432/mydatabase?sslmode=require"

Using the Sling Environment File

You can also add the connection details to your ~/.sling/env.yaml file:

connections:
  POSTGRES_DB:
    type: postgres
    host: host.ip
    user: myuser
    password: mypass
    port: 5432
    database: mydatabase
    sslmode: require
    schema: public

DuckDB Connection Setup

DuckDB connections in Sling are straightforward as they primarily involve specifying a file path. Here’s how to set up a DuckDB connection:

Using the Sling CLI

# Set up DuckDB connection
sling conns set DUCKDB type=duckdb path=/path/to/database.duckdb

Using Environment Variables

# Set DuckDB connection using environment variable
export DUCKDB='duckdb:///path/to/database.duckdb'

Using the Sling Environment File

Add to your ~/.sling/env.yaml:

connections:
  DUCKDB:
    type: duckdb
    path: /path/to/database.duckdb

Testing Connections

After setting up your connections, verify them using the sling conns commands:

# List all configured connections
sling conns list

# Test PostgreSQL connection
sling conns test POSTGRES_DB

# Test DuckDB connection
sling conns test DUCKDB

# Discover available tables in PostgreSQL
sling conns discover POSTGRES_DB

For more details about connection configuration and options, refer to:

• PostgreSQL Connection Guide
• DuckDB Connection Guide
• Sling Environment Documentation

Basic Data Replication with CLI Flags

Once you have your connections set up, you can start replicating data from PostgreSQL to DuckDB using Sling’s CLI flags. Let’s look at some common usage patterns.

Simple Table Replication

The most basic way to replicate data is using the sling run command with source and target specifications:

# Replicate a single table from PostgreSQL to DuckDB
sling run \
  --src-conn POSTGRES_DB \
  --src-stream "public.users" \
  --tgt-conn DUCKDB \
  --tgt-object "users"

Using Custom SQL Queries

You can use custom SQL queries to transform or filter data during replication:

# Replicate with a custom SQL query
sling run \
  --src-conn POSTGRES_DB \
  --src-stream "SELECT id, name, email, created_at FROM users WHERE created_at > '2024-01-01'" \
  --tgt-conn DUCKDB \
  --tgt-object "main.recent_users"

Advanced CLI Options

For more complex scenarios, you can use additional flags to customize the replication:

# Replicate with specific columns and options
sling run \
  --src-conn POSTGRES_DB \
  --src-stream "public.orders" \
  --tgt-conn DUCKDB \
  --tgt-object "main.orders" \
  --select "id,customer_id,total_amount,status" \
  --mode incremental \
  --update-key "updated_at" \
  --tgt-options '{ "add_new_columns": true, "table_keys": { "primary": ["id"] } }'

Monitoring Progress

Sling provides real-time progress information during replication:

# Enable detailed logging
sling run \
  --src-conn POSTGRES_DB \
  --src-stream "public.large_table" \
  --tgt-conn DUCKDB \
  --tgt-object "main.large_table" \
  --verbose

For a complete list of available CLI flags and options, refer to the Sling CLI Flags documentation.

Advanced Replication with YAML Configuration

While CLI flags are great for simple replications, YAML configuration files provide more flexibility and reusability for complex scenarios. Let’s explore how to use YAML configurations with Sling.

Basic Multi-Stream Example

Create a file named postgres_to_duckdb.yaml with the following content:

# Basic configuration for replicating multiple tables
source: POSTGRES_DB
target: DUCKDB

defaults:
  mode: full-refresh
  target_options:
    add_new_columns: true

streams:
  public.users:
    object: main.users
    select: [id, username, email, created_at]
    primary_key: [id]
    
  public.orders:
    object: main.orders
    select: [order_id, user_id, total_amount, status, order_date]
    primary_key: [order_id]

Run the replication using:

# Execute the replication configuration
sling run -r postgres_to_duckdb.yaml

Complex Configuration Example

Here’s a more advanced configuration that demonstrates various Sling features:

source: POSTGRES_DB
target: DUCKDB

defaults:
  mode: incremental
  target_options:
    add_new_columns: true
    column_casing: snake
    table_keys:
      primary: [id]

streams:
  # Use runtime variables for dynamic table names
  'public.{table_name}':
    object: 'main.{stream_table}'
    update_key: updated_at
    source_options:
      datetime_format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss
    target_options:
      pre_sql: |
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {stream_table} (
          id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
          data JSON
        )

  # Custom SQL query with transforms
  custom_query:
    object: main.analytics_summary
    sql: |
      SELECT 
        date_trunc('day', created_at) as date,
        count(*) as total_orders,
        sum(amount) as total_amount
      FROM public.orders
      GROUP BY 1

Using Runtime Variables

Sling supports runtime variables that can be used in your YAML configurations:

source: POSTGRES_DB
target: DUCKDB

env:
  SCHEMA: public
  TABLE_PREFIX: analytics_

streams:
  '{SCHEMA}.users':
    object: 'main.{TABLE_PREFIX}{stream_table}'
    mode: incremental
    update_key: updated_at

For more information about YAML configurations, refer to:

• Replication Structure
• Runtime Variables
• Source Options
• Target Options

Sling Platform Overview

While the CLI is powerful for local development and simple workflows, the Sling Platform provides a comprehensive web-based interface for managing your data operations at scale. Let’s explore the key components and features of the platform.

Web Interface

The Sling Platform offers an intuitive web interface for managing your data operations:

The web interface provides:

• Visual replication editor
• Real-time validation
• Syntax highlighting
• Auto-completion
• Version control integration

Connection Management

Manage all your connections in one place:

The platform offers:

• Centralized credential management
• Connection health monitoring
• Easy testing and validation
• Team access controls

Monitoring and Logging

Track your data operations in real-time:

Features include:

• Real-time progress tracking
• Detailed execution logs
• Performance metrics
• Error reporting and alerts

For more information about the Sling Platform, visit:

• Getting Started with Sling Platform
• Platform Architecture
• Agent Management

Best Practices and Next Steps

Now that we’ve covered the various aspects of using Sling for PostgreSQL to DuckDB data replication, here are some recommended practices and next steps.

Best Practices

1. Start Small

   • Begin with a simple table replication
   • Test with a subset of your data
   • Validate the results thoroughly

2. Optimize Performance

   • Use appropriate batch sizes
   • Consider incremental updates for large tables
   • Monitor system resources

3. Maintain Security

   • Use environment variables for credentials
   • Implement proper access controls
   • Regularly rotate credentials

4. Version Control

   • Keep YAML configurations in version control
   • Document your replication setup
   • Track changes and updates

Additional Resources

To learn more about Sling and its capabilities:

1. Documentation

   • Sling CLI Documentation
   • Sling Platform Documentation
   • Replication Concepts

2. Examples

   • File to Database Examples
   • Database to Database Examples
   • Database to File Examples

3. Community and Support

   • Join our Discord community
   • Report issues on GitHub
   • Contact support at [email protected]

Next Steps

To continue your journey with Sling:

1. Explore Advanced Features

   • Try different replication modes
   • Experiment with transformations
   • Test various source and target options

2. Scale Your Operations

   • Move to YAML configurations for complex workflows
   • Set up monitoring and alerting
   • Implement proper error handling

3. Consider Platform

   • Evaluate the Sling Platform for enterprise needs
   • Set up agents for distributed processing
   • Implement team collaboration workflows

Remember that Sling is continuously evolving with new features and improvements. Stay connected with the community to learn about updates and best practices as they emerge.